Neuroscience Studies Highlight MS Regenerative Target, AI Brain Mapping, Metformin Benefits, and Parkinson’s Neuromodulation Advances

Recent neuroscience research has advanced understanding of brain function and neurological diseases through multiple studies published on bioRxiv. Key findings include the characterization of neuronal cell bodies in human cerebral white matter tracts and the epigenetic reactivation of central nervous system endothelial developmental programs, which promotes adult brain angiogenesis and supports post-stroke recovery. Novel methodologies such as artificial intelligence-driven whole-brain cell mapping and high-temporal resolution metabolic connectivity analysis have enhanced insights into brain connectivity and function. Studies have also explored microglial inflammatory states related to demyelination, synapse-specific phagocytosis in Alzheimer's disease models, and astrocytic heterogeneity in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's dementia. A promising regenerative target for multiple sclerosis treatment has been identified in glial cells, where a molecular “brake” maintains their immature state. Other research highlights include computational models of neural plasticity, neural correlates of emotional regulation influenced by age, race, and socioeconomic status, and remote magnetomechanical neuromodulation as a potential therapy for Parkinsonian symptoms. Additionally, metformin has been shown to reduce RAN proteins and improve behavioral phenotypes in a spinocerebellar ataxia mouse model, while an emergent disease-associated motor neuron state has been identified preceding cell death in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model. These studies collectively contribute to a deeper understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.