Britain’s Public Accounts Committee warned on 16 July that HM Revenue & Customs cannot say how much tax the country’s 156 billionaires pay—or even how many of them pay tax at all. The cross-party panel said HMRC has “no overview of an individual’s total wealth”, despite the small size of the group and the large sums potentially at stake. MPs urged the tax authority to mine publicly available data such as the Sunday Times Rich List and deploy artificial intelligence to improve risk analysis, mirroring the US Internal Revenue Service’s links to the Forbes 400. The committee also questioned HMRC’s confidence in its £1.9 billion estimate of the wealthy tax gap and its partial £0.3 billion figure for offshore non-compliance, noting UK residents held £849 billion offshore in 2019. Although HMRC has increased receipts from wealthy taxpayers to £5.2 billion from £2.2 billion over the past five years, enforcement has weakened: penalties on the wealthy fell to 456 last year and prosecutions to 25. HMRC said it will hire 400 extra specialists to close the gap and insisted the government is “determined to make sure everyone pays the tax they owe.”