Ethereum's EIP-4844 Reduces L2 Costs, Only 0.1% of L2 Revenue Goes to L1

The Ethereum ecosystem is undergoing significant changes with the implementation of EIP-4844, which has drastically reduced the cost of using Layer 2 (L2) solutions. This development is expected to lead to further advancements in the Ethereum roadmap, including the integration of Verkle trees to enable stateless clients and a potential 10-fold increase in Layer 1 (L1) gas limits, making transactions cheaper. Despite the reduced costs, there is ongoing debate about the role and future of L2s, particularly whether a dominant L2 might evolve into an L1 to avoid the so-called 'ETH tax.' For instance, every $1 million of profit generated by Base results in only $1,000 in fees paid to ETH L1, meaning just 0.1% of L2 revenue goes to L1. However, L2s currently benefit from lower costs and inherit security from Ethereum, making them more efficient than many blockchains that operate at a loss. The Ethereum community is also discussing the scalability and redundancy of rollups compared to fast L1s, with rollups potentially offering better performance due to less communication overhead. Additionally, the OP stack is set to enhance the decentralization and security of a large portion of the ETH rollup ecosystem.