Succinct Labs has achieved a major milestone in Ethereum scalability by demonstrating real-time zero-knowledge (ZK) proving of Ethereum mainnet blocks using their SP1 Hypercube zkVM. Their technology can prove 94% of Ethereum L1 blocks in under 12 seconds, 99% in under 13 seconds, and aims to reach 99.9% within 12 seconds. This breakthrough enables verifying Ethereum blocks exponentially faster and cheaper than re-executing transactions, potentially scaling Ethereum L1 to 10,000 transactions per second without compromising decentralization or staking security. The advancement is expected to impact rollups and Layer 2 interoperability, with synchronous cross-chain interactions becoming more feasible. Industry experts highlight the challenge of proving arbitrary blocks within the 12-second block time due to potential denial-of-service vectors from zk-unfriendly opcodes. The milestone has received praise from Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin, who urged caution despite the progress. Additional developments include PolyhedraZK's fivefold speed improvement in Keccak ZK proofs, StarkWare's integration with Nexus Labs delivering a 1000x boost in proof generation speed, and ongoing work by Scroll_ZKP to reduce finality times below 30 seconds. These innovations collectively contribute to enhancing Ethereum's scalability and verifiable computation capabilities. Meanwhile, infrastructure providers report growing adoption of rollups, with over 100 mainnets deployed and more than $44 billion in total value locked or staked. The real-time proving breakthrough is seen as a critical step toward Ethereum's roadmap for scaling and interoperability.