U.S. stock markets, particularly the S&P 500, are exhibiting valuation levels that suggest overvaluation relative to economic fundamentals. Warren Buffett has highlighted the market cap-to-GDP ratio, known as the Buffett Indicator, which currently stands at approximately 168% for the S&P 500 compared to around 90% for global equity markets, indicating that U.S. stocks are notably more expensive. Despite recent market corrections, the S&P 500's Shiller CAPE ratio has remained above 30 for an extended period, a level often associated with bubble-like conditions. The forward 12-month price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio for the S&P 500 is 19.0, which is below the five-year average of 19.9 but above the ten-year average of 18.3. However, other analyses show the S&P 500 trading at a P/E of about 25, significantly higher than its 40-year average of approximately 19, suggesting that if valuations returned to the mean, the index would be closer to 4,300 rather than its current level around 5,150. Earnings per share (EPS) estimates for 2025 are around $261.39 with an expected growth of 10%, but some market observers still consider stocks to be too expensive given these metrics. Additionally, consensus GDP growth forecasts for the U.S. in 2025 are declining, which may further impact market valuations. The S&P 500 equal weight index has seen a reduction in its multiple from 17.9 times in 2021 to 15.9 times currently, with margins contracting by about one-third, aligning its valuation roughly in line with or slightly below the 15-year average. Overall, these indicators point to a market environment where U.S. equities remain elevated relative to historical norms and economic growth expectations.