NIST News

NO

NO

YES

The cesium 133 F=3 <-> F=4 hyperfine microwave transition (no change)

Any system based on weighted averages of uncertainty or timekeeping contributions

The strontium 87 1S0 <-> 3P0 optical transition

The ytterbium 171 1S0 <-> 3P0 optical transition

Any other optical transition in ions

Any other optical transition in neutral atoms

4. Decentralized post-quantum security networks (e.g., Naoris Protocol) • Attractive because security is network-verified, not key-verified. • Can overlay existing chains without requiring disruptive forks. • Provides instant scalability

5. No dominant solution by 2030 •The market remains fragmented. •PQC adoption varies across chains.

2. Hybrid classical–post-quantum cryptography • Popular interim solution. • Lower migration friction.

1. Post-quantum cryptographic upgrades (e.g., Dilithium, Falcon) • Backed by NIST selections, regulatory clarity. • High probability but hard to integrate into existing chains.

YES

YES

NO

1. Post-quantum cryptographic upgrades (e.g., Dilithium, Falcon) • Backed by NIST selections, regulatory clarity. • High probability but hard to integrate into existing chains.

YES

YES

YES