Recent advancements in cancer treatment have shown promising results across various therapies and cancer types. Phase III data revealed that Hernexeos achieved a confirmed objective response rate of 48% in patients with HER2-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with antibody-drug conjugates. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted fast track designation to DB-1310, a next-generation HER3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate for advanced, unresectable NSCLC with specific EGFR mutations. In HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, the bispecific antibody TQB2930 combined with chemotherapy demonstrated clinical responses and an acceptable safety profile in patients who had undergone at least two prior HER2-targeted therapies. Additionally, real-world data supported the use of tucatinib-based treatments in this patient population. Dalpiciclib combined with pyrotinib and endocrine therapy showed efficacy in estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. The FDA also awarded breakthrough therapy designation to first-line trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) plus pertuzumab based on phase 3 DESTINY-Breast09 trial data, which showed superior progression-free survival compared to standard of care. For triple-negative breast cancer with BRCA1/2 mutations and homologous recombination deficiency, neoadjuvant olaparib plus carboplatin reduced residual cancer burden. In metastatic renal cell carcinoma, the phase 1 ARC-20 trial dose-expansion data indicated that casdatifan plus cabozantinib produced an objective response rate of 46% and was well tolerated. Beyond these, novel immunotherapies and engineered antibodies have emerged: a monoclonal antibody capable of blocking cytokine storms shows potential in treating sepsis and inflammatory diseases; a CD40 agnostic antibody improved efficacy against metastatic cancers; and CAPPSID, a novel treatment combining engineered Salmonella typhimurium with oncolytic viruses, demonstrated the ability to infiltrate and destroy tumors by delivering viral RNA directly into cancer cells. These developments represent multiple promising avenues in oncology research and treatment.