Recent clinical data and studies presented at various oncology conferences highlight advances in treatment and screening for multiple cancers, including colorectal, liver, esophageal, breast, and renal cancers. In metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared to nivolumab alone in patients with MSI-H/dMMR tumors while maintaining health-related quality of life. Fruquintinib plus best supportive care extended median overall survival (OS) to 8.5 months versus 3.1 months with placebo in patients with liver-only metastatic CRC. For liver cancer, the combination of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with atezolizumab and bevacizumab achieved a median TACE-PFS of 11.3 months compared to 7.03 months with TACE alone in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Additionally, nivolumab plus ipilimumab showed a higher objective response rate (ORR) in advanced HCC, supporting its use as a first-line treatment. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, frontline tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy demonstrated clinically meaningful OS improvements. Among metastatic CRC patients with KRAS G12C mutations, median OS was 18.2 months compared to 19.1 months in non-G12C cohorts after first-line treatment. Panitumumab plus FOLFIRINOX yielded a 90.9% ORR and 27.3% complete response rate in liver-limited, unresectable RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic CRC. Post hoc analyses indicated that encorafenib plus cetuximab with mFOLFOX6 improved efficacy in BRAF V600E–mutant metastatic CRC compared to control regimens. Fruquintinib treatment in refractory metastatic CRC showed a median OS of 4.0 months and median PFS of 3.0 months. In non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the UK marketing authorization for nogapendekin alfa inbakicept plus BCG was supported by a trial demonstrating a maximum duration of complete response exceeding 47 months. A study in metastatic breast cancer patients with multiple prior therapies reported a 52% one-year OS rate. Advances in biomarker and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing are reshaping surveillance and treatment planning in colorectal cancer. Screening efforts for colorectal cancer in individuals aged 45 to 49 have increased sharply following updated age recommendations in 2021, contributing to earlier detection of cancers that were previously diagnosed at advanced stages. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment remain critical for improving outcomes in colorectal cancer. Additionally, CASI Pharmaceuticals announced FDA clearance of an investigational new drug application for CID-103 targeting renal allograft antibody-mediated rejection, and early-phase data showed efficacy of casdatifan plus cabozantinib in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.