India's Air Chief Marshal AP Singh publicly confirmed that during the May 2025 Operation Sindoor, the Indian Air Force (IAF) shot down six Pakistani military aircraft, including five fighter jets and one large surveillance aircraft, which could be an ELINT or AEW&C aircraft. The operation also involved significant strikes on Pakistani airfields, notably damaging the Jacobabad airbase where F-16 fighter jets were severely damaged while parked in hangars. The IAF credited the recently acquired S-400 air defense system as a game-changer, enabling the largest surface-to-air kill recorded by India. The operation targeted terror camps and command centers, including the JeM headquarters at Bahawalpur and the LeT headquarters at Muridke, causing substantial damage with minimal collateral impact. Political will and clear directives were cited as key factors in the operation's success. Following these revelations, Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff, Field Marshal Asim Munir, issued nuclear threats against India during a visit to the United States, warning of missile strikes on Indian infrastructure and vowing that Pakistan would take down half the world if it faced existential threats. His remarks, made at a private black-tie event in Tampa, Florida, sparked international concern and were widely condemned by Indian political leaders and analysts as irresponsible nuclear sabre-rattling. India’s Ministry of External Affairs labeled the threats as reckless, reaffirming India’s stance against nuclear blackmail. The heightened rhetoric has escalated tensions between the two countries, with calls from some Indian officials for the U.S. to take action against Pakistan’s military leadership. The situation also drew criticism for the timing of the Indian Air Force chief’s disclosures, which some political figures linked to domestic political narratives. International security experts noted the fraught relations between the U.S. and Pakistan amid these developments. Overall, Operation Sindoor demonstrated India's enhanced air capabilities and strategic reach, while Pakistan's nuclear threats have intensified geopolitical concerns in South Asia.