India’s market for pharmacological weight-loss treatments has expanded almost fivefold in four years, rising from an estimated INR 133 crore (US$16 million) in 2021 to about INR 628 crore by mid-2025, according to industry and public-health analyses. The surge is driven by brisk demand for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) drugs—first developed for diabetes—that are now reshaping obesity care in the world’s most populous nation. Semaglutide products, sold as Rybelsus, Ozempic and Wegovy, dominate the segment, generating roughly INR 397 crore in sales as of June 2025, with the oral version Rybelsus capturing nearly 70 percent of that total. Tirzepatide, launched under the brand Mounjaro earlier this year, contributed about INR 26 crore in June alone. Analysts expect the overall anti-obesity drug market to grow at a compound annual rate of 23.5 percent, reaching about INR 4,564 crore by 2033 as patents expire and domestic production ramps up. Rapid growth is exposing policy gaps. Doctors and researchers warn that steep prices could widen health inequities, while weak enforcement has fostered black-market sales, counterfeit imports and unsupervised use that heighten risks of gastrointestinal side effects or psychological dependence. Public-health experts are urging the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation to tighten surveillance, regulate online pharmacies and integrate drug therapy with broader lifestyle and dietary interventions to ensure the benefits of the new treatments reach patients safely and equitably.