The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has finalized a comprehensive set of regulations targeting emissions from fossil fuel power plants. These new rules aim to significantly reduce pollutants such as mercury, arsenic, and carbon emissions, which are known to cause severe health issues, particularly in underserved communities. The regulations mandate the use of carbon capture technology on all existing coal and new gas plants, a move that some critics argue is costly and may destabilize the U.S. energy grid. Additionally, the rules are expected to have a profound impact on the coal industry, potentially leading to its decline as a major source of electricity in the U.S. The U.S. has retired more than 95 coal-derived gigawatts in production, and the EPA has also updated mercury standards.