Researchers have developed an autonomous surgical robot trained using artificial intelligence (AI) to perform complex procedures with precision. In a recent experimental test, the robot successfully removed a pig's gallbladder using a two-tier AI system that issued commands and executed precise 3D tool movements. This advancement demonstrates the potential for AI-driven surgical robots to assist or independently perform surgeries on humans in the future. A review published in Science Robotics highlights how AI approaches can train autonomous surgical robots by equipping them with expert skills similar to human surgeons. However, challenges remain regarding regulatory approval and clinical implementation. The review also emphasizes that automation in medical robotics is more complex than in other industries, but learning-based AI models could drive progress. Additionally, AI is advancing other medical fields, such as designing T cell receptors to accelerate cancer immunotherapy, as discussed in recent scientific perspectives.