Recent data indicates a surge in market confidence among both individual and institutional investors in the U.S. A survey revealed that 46% of individual investors believe there is less than a 10% chance of a market crash within the next six months, marking the highest level of confidence since June 2006. This figure has doubled over the past two years. Concurrently, institutional investors have also shown unprecedented bullishness, with long positions in the S&P 500 exceeding 240,000 contracts, the highest on record and double the levels seen before the bear market began in 2022. Additionally, assets in leveraged long ETFs have reached approximately $120 billion as of November, a record high that has doubled since 2022, indicating a significant increase in market speculation. However, experts caution that this extreme positioning in leveraged long ETFs could lead to substantial losses if market sentiment shifts.