A U.S. appeals court has upheld a 2023 jury verdict against Google in the antitrust case brought by Epic Games, ruling that Google engaged in anticompetitive practices by maintaining a monopoly over the Android app store. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals issued a unanimous decision requiring Google to open the Android platform to rival app stores and implement significant changes to its Play Store. This ruling marks the first time since 2001 that a major tech firm has lost an appeals court decision on monopolization. Meanwhile, Google faces additional antitrust scrutiny in the advertising technology sector following a Department of Justice liability ruling. Internationally, Japan has introduced new regulations mandating Apple to permit third-party app stores and browsers on iPhones starting in December. The U.S. Supreme Court has also admitted cross-appeals related to Google's antitrust case, with hearings scheduled for November. In the European Union, legal and political considerations are influencing potential actions to dismantle Google's ad tech business.