A first-in-human clinical trial has demonstrated that pancreatic islet beta cells, edited using CRISPR gene-editing technology, can be transplanted into a person with Type 1 diabetes without triggering an immune response or requiring immunosuppressive drugs. The transplanted beta cells, implanted into the forearm of a male patient, survived for up to 12 weeks and showed functional insulin production. This development represents a potential breakthrough in diabetes treatment by replacing the pancreatic beta cells destroyed by the disease. The findings were published in the New England Journal of Medicine and have implications for transplantation medicine more broadly. Separately, scientists have engineered immune T cells within living organisms to potentially enhance CAR T cell therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Additionally, Japanese researchers have developed a genetically modified virus-based drug for aggressive skin cancer, showing improvement in 77.8% of trial patients when combined with viral therapy. New CAR T-cell therapy strategies and vaccine approaches are also under investigation for treating clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with clinical trials ongoing to explore immune-restoring and dual-targeted therapies.