A recent study published in Nature by Harvard researchers highlights the role of lithium, a naturally occurring element in the brain, in Alzheimer's disease. The research indicates that lithium deficiency may be an early sign and driver of Alzheimer's, accelerating amyloid plaque accumulation and memory loss. Experimental models in mice demonstrated that lithium depletion led to increased amyloid, neuronal damage, and impaired learning, while treatment with a novel lithium salt restored physiological lithium levels and reversed disease symptoms. Lithium orotate, a form of lithium effective at doses much lower than lithium carbonate, showed potential neuroprotective effects by reducing plaques, tau, and inflammation. Historical data, including a 2017 Danish study linking lithium levels in drinking water to dementia rates, support these findings. Despite a decade-long window for intervention before dementia onset, effective treatments remain limited. Additional research from UC Irvine identified natural compound combinations for brain cleaning, and a newly engineered antibody transport vehicle has been reported to enhance delivery of anti-amyloid antibodies in mouse models. These developments collectively suggest lithium's essential role in brain health and its potential as a therapeutic avenue for Alzheimer's disease.