The European Union has appealed a World Trade Organization (WTO) panel decision that dismissed its complaint against China regarding unfair trade practices in setting royalty rates for European-owned 5G technology. The WTO panel rejected the EU's claims that China violated intellectual property rules, although it noted concerns about transparency. Separately, the WTO's dispute settlement body has established a panel to review China's request to challenge the EU's imposition of countervailing duties on Chinese battery electric vehicles. The European Commission has intensified its trade defense actions against China in 2024, launching a record 20 cases targeting sectors including electric vehicles and medical devices.