Japan is preparing to conduct what it describes as the world's first deep-sea extraction of critical minerals, including rare earth elements, from the ocean floor. The country plans to launch its deepest test extraction in January 2026 amid a global race for strategic mineral resources. This initiative comes as several nations, including the United States and China, intensify their efforts to secure critical minerals essential for technology and energy sectors. China currently leads the deep-sea mining race with five International Seabed Authority (ISA) licenses and active collaborations with Pacific Island nations, giving it considerable influence over future seabed resource extraction. Meanwhile, Australia has established a new global benchmark for assessing the environmental risks associated with deep-sea mining. The United States is also exploring multiple approaches to deep-sea mining, though these efforts carry normative and environmental challenges. The strategic competition in the Pacific region reflects broader geopolitical dynamics involving resource security and environmental considerations.