ARISE News

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Different observers may have time's arrows pointing in different directions

Anthropic selection: observers necessarily find themselves in regions with increasing entropy

The arrow reflects brute initial conditions; there is no deeper explanation to be had

Growth of quantum entanglement under unitary dynamics explains thermodynamic irreversibility

Gravitational instability and cosmological expansion generate the observed thermodynamic arrow

Inflationary cosmology dynamically selects special low-entropy initial conditions, explaining the arrow

Entropy increase is emergent from coarse-graining and typicality; no deeper micro-physical asymmetry is needed

Time’s arrow arises from asymmetric boundary conditions at both temporal ends (two-time boundary conditions)

The Past Hypothesis is a fundamental lawlike assumption, and a low-entropy beginning fixes the arrow

Landauer’s principle and information-erasure costs make entropy increase a consequence of information processing constraints

Computational irreversibility and algorithmic complexity growth are the deeper source of the arrow

Penrose’s Weyl curvature hypothesis: near-vanishing initial Weyl curvature sets the gravitational arrow

The beginning is fundamentally unknowable with any current and future observations.

The universe arises out of quantum tunneling from ‘nothing’, and the process can be described by a Lorentzian path integral (e.g., Vilenkin's proposal).

The universe is eternal and has no beginning.

There is change in spacetime signature (e.g., Hartle-Hawking proposal of Euclidean to Lorentzian signature)

Other country, unlisted here by the time the first suspect case arises

Venezuela

Other

Haiti

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Peru

Argentina

Bahamas

Ecuador

Panama

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