European equity markets have shown mixed but generally positive performance in late July 2025. The FTSE 100 in Britain experienced gains of up to 0.9% before a slight decline of 0.21%, while Germany's DAX index rose as much as 1.09% but also saw minor declines. France's CAC 40 and Spain's IBEX 35 displayed fluctuations, with the CAC 40 moving between small gains and losses and the IBEX reaching an increase of 1.4% before a slight drop. Futures markets indicate continued optimism, with EuroStoxx 50 futures climbing between 0.93% and 1.3%, DAX futures advancing up to 1.2%, and FTSE futures gaining up to 0.55%. Germany's DAX benchmark is poised to open at a new record high, with futures trading over 70 points above its early July close. Analysts have identified four key themes driving Europe's equity bull market during this period.