Archaeologists have uncovered evidence of a 125,000-year-old site in present-day Germany where Neanderthals engaged in large-scale extraction of animal fat from bones. This discovery, described as a "fat factory," reveals that Neanderthals practiced advanced food processing techniques nearly 100,000 years before similar methods were known among modern humans. The site suggests a sophisticated approach to diet and resource utilization by Neanderthals, challenging previous assumptions about their cognitive and cultural capabilities. The findings were published in Science Advances and highlight the complexity of Neanderthal subsistence strategies during the Middle Paleolithic period.