Scientists have successfully sequenced the first complete genome of an ancient Egyptian man who lived approximately 4,500 years ago during the Old Kingdom period, coinciding with the construction of the pyramids. The remarkably well-preserved skeleton was found in a sealed ceramic coffin in the Nile Valley. Genetic analysis reveals that about 80% of his ancestry originated from North Africa, while roughly 20% came from regions in the Middle East, including the Fertile Crescent and Mesopotamia, located more than 1,000 kilometers away. This finding establishes a genetic link between ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian populations, shedding new light on the cross-cultural ties and migration patterns of early civilizations. The individual is believed to have been a pottery worker who lived into his 60s and suffered from arthritis. The research, published in the journal Nature, marks a milestone in ancient DNA studies, coming four decades after initial efforts to extract DNA from Egyptian mummies. The genome sequencing has also enabled scientists to reconstruct the man's facial features, revealing a person with dark skin, brown eyes, and a relatively short stature, challenging some previous assumptions about ancient Egyptian populations.