Recent clinical data and regulatory updates highlight advancements in cancer treatment across multiple malignancies. The CheckMate 8HW trial demonstrated that combining ipilimumab with nivolumab improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared to nivolumab alone in patients with MSI-H/dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), while maintaining health-related quality of life (HRQOL). In metastatic CRC patients with liver-only metastases, fruquintinib plus best supportive care (BSC) extended median overall survival (OS) to 8.5 months versus 3.1 months with placebo plus BSC. Additionally, patients with refractory metastatic CRC treated with fruquintinib showed a median OS of 4.0 months and median PFS of 3.0 months. Among liver-limited, unresectable RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic CRC patients receiving panitumumab plus FOLFIRINOX, an objective response rate (ORR) of 90.9% and a complete response (CR) rate of 27.3% were observed. Post hoc analyses revealed that encorafenib plus cetuximab combined with mFOLFOX6 yielded higher or extended efficacy outcomes in BRAF V600E–mutant metastatic CRC compared to control regimens. A survey of UK and German physicians indicated that OS gains are necessary to justify grade 3 or higher toxicities in third-line metastatic CRC treatments. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), median investigator-assessed progression-free survival (TACE-PFS) was 11.3 months with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus atezolizumab and bevacizumab versus 7.03 months with TACE alone in resectable cases. A matched adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) supports the use of nivolumab and ipilimumab combination as a first-line treatment in advanced HCC due to higher ORR. The US FDA approved SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres on July 7 for unresectable HCC patients without macrovascular invasion and with well-compensated liver function. For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), frontline tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy demonstrated substantial overall survival improvements in the RATIONALE-306 trial. In metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer with homologous recombination repair mutations, the phase 3 AMPLITUDE trial showed that niraparib plus abiraterone acetate, prednisone, and androgen deprivation therapy achieved a non-evaluable radiographic PFS. For KRAS G12C–mutant metastatic CRC, median OS was 18.2 months compared with 19.1 months in non-G12C cohorts after first-line treatment. Emerging therapies include cilta-cel, which has shown promising long-term remission and survival in heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients, and CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy, which demonstrated a 50% overall response rate and 29% two-year progression-free survival in certain rare lymphoma subsets. Additionally, novel radioimmunotherapy using Terbium-161 has shown efficacy in eradicating cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer models, potentially advancing targeted radionuclide therapy options. Minimal residual disease testing based on circulating tumor DNA has influenced treatment decisions in colorectal cancer care, with one in six oncologists modifying plans accordingly.