A U.S. appeals court has ruled that the Oregon State Bar officials violated the constitutional rights of Daniel Crowe, a conservative lawyer, by publishing a statement critical of then-President Donald Trump in a magazine funded by mandatory dues paid by its members in 2018. The 9th Circuit Court found that this action infringed on Crowe's freedom of association. The court noted that while the violation occurred, the remedy for this infraction need not be drastic.