Lebanon is facing a critical political and security challenge as the government seeks to disarm Hezbollah, a powerful non-state armed group that has maintained a military arsenal parallel to the Lebanese state since the end of the civil war in 1990. The Lebanese government’s decision to assert exclusive control over weapons has prompted protests by Hezbollah supporters in Beirut’s southern suburbs and southern Lebanon. Hezbollah has threatened to topple the government over the disarmament plans, with MP Ihab Hamadeh declaring that the group will not relinquish any of its weapons. This confrontation reflects longstanding tensions about Lebanon’s sovereignty and the role of armed non-state actors, issues rooted in the 1989 Taif Agreement. Regional actors including Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates have conditioned reconstruction aid to Lebanon on the presentation of a credible plan to disarm Hezbollah. The outcome of this dispute is seen as pivotal in determining whether Lebanon can achieve full state sovereignty or risk returning to cycles of conflict.