White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy Stephen Miller said on 17 July that more than one million undocumented immigrants have already "self-deported" since President Donald Trump took office, a figure he attributed to labor-force data. Miller stated that migrants who leave voluntarily can return to their home countries, apply for legal re-entry and receive a $1,000 payment. Those who remain, he warned, face the prospect of sudden arrest, deportation, wage garnishment, property seizure and possible imprisonment. The senior aide argued the departures will reduce emergency-room wait times, lower health-insurance premiums, ease traffic congestion in cities such as Los Angeles and shrink public-school class sizes, saying the policy aims to redirect resources to U.S. citizens. Miller did not provide detailed methodology or agency documentation for the self-deportation estimate, and the Department of Homeland Security has yet to publish corroborating statistics. Immigration researchers note that voluntary departures are difficult to track because individuals can leave without notifying authorities.