President Donald Trump is promoting a string of new trade agreements with Japan, the European Union and several smaller economies as major victories for U.S. industry, but key terms remain unresolved and investment promises appear overstated, according to officials on both sides of the negotiations. The White House says the accord with Japan includes a $550 billion foreign-investment fund and gives the United States 90% of the benefits. Japanese negotiators counter that as little as 1%–2% — no more than $11 billion — represents true equity investment, with the balance structured mainly as loans. In a parallel deal, the EU has pledged $600 billion in fresh investments and $750 billion in additional U.S. energy purchases over three years, yet European officials describe the figures as non-binding corporate intentions rather than firm commitments. Under the framework released so far, U.S. tariffs on most goods from Japan and the EU will climb to 15% from 10% on 1 August, though Washington is still discussing exemptions for sectors such as automobiles, steel, semiconductors and pharmaceuticals. The administration is also weighing a 20% levy on Vietnamese imports and is close to extending its tariff truce with China for another 90 days. Trade specialists warn that the headline figures could mask limited real-world investment, while piecemeal tariff adjustments risk creating a patchwork of rules that raises costs for American consumers and businesses. White House economic adviser Kevin Hassett said further deals and tariff changes may follow even after the 1 August deadline, underscoring the fluid nature of the administration’s strategy.