A federal bench trial commenced in Boston on July 7, 2025, challenging the Trump administration's policy targeting pro-Palestinian campus activists. The lawsuit contests the administration's campaign that involved arresting and deporting international faculty and students who participated in pro-Palestinian demonstrations and political activities. Plaintiffs, including groups representing U.S. university professors, argue that the policy has suppressed free speech and violated constitutional rights. The case is notable as the first major trial of President Donald Trump's second term, with proceedings overseen by an 84-year-old Reagan appointee judge. The administration’s stance on whether pro-Palestinian foreign nationals possess full First Amendment rights has been inconsistent during the trial. The plaintiffs include five international academics labeled as threats by Secretary of State Marco Rubio. The trial is described as rare and significant in addressing the legality of deportations linked to political advocacy on campuses.