A Human Rights Watch report released in August 2025 detailed that Rwanda-backed M23 rebels killed at least 140 people in farming communities in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during July. The report characterized the killings as "summary executions," highlighting ongoing violence in the region despite peace talks supported by the US and Qatar. Additional analysis noted that Rwandan troops are not only sponsoring and controlling the M23 rebels but are also actively participating in the conflict, sometimes outnumbering the rebels. This involvement is linked to efforts to exploit the DRC's extensive mineral resources.