The Indian government has mandated the use of E20 petrol, a fuel blend containing 20% ethanol, aiming to align with practices in countries like Brazil, the US, and Europe. This move is part of a broader ethanol blending policy intended to offer environmental benefits and improve engine performance. However, a majority of Indian petrol vehicle owners have expressed opposition to the mandate, citing concerns over reduced mileage and increased running costs. The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas has refuted claims that E20 petrol negatively affects fuel efficiency, emphasizing its environmental advantages and enhanced engine performance. The policy reflects ongoing efforts to promote ethanol blending in India’s fuel sector, with lessons drawn from international experiences regarding consumer acceptance, industry policy, and vehicle readiness.