A joint investigation by The Guardian and Israeli magazine 972, based on a leaked classified Israeli military intelligence database, reveals that approximately 83% of the Palestinians killed in Gaza since October 7, 2023, were civilians. The database, managed by the Israeli Military Intelligence Directorate, lists around 8,900 individuals as confirmed or probable members of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) fighters, representing about 17% of the total death toll of approximately 53,000. This civilian death rate is unusually high compared to other modern conflicts and contradicts official Israeli claims that suggested a more balanced ratio between militants and civilians. The findings have been described as conservative estimates and challenge the Israeli government's narrative that its military operations primarily targeted combatants. The data underscores the heavy toll on Gaza's civilian population during the ongoing conflict.