Authorities in Mpumalanga, South Africa, have arrested nearly 500 illegal miners, known locally as zama zamas, at the Sheba Gold Mine shaft in Barberton. These arrests are part of Operation Vala Mgodi, a major crackdown on illegal mining activities in the region. Over a thousand illegal miners were estimated to be operating underground at the site. The arrested individuals have been charged with trespassing and violating immigration laws and have appeared in the Barberton Magistrate's Court. Despite the crackdown, more illegal miners continue to resurface at the mine, prompting ongoing monitoring and further arrests. Illegal mining poses a considerable challenge to South Africa's formal mining industry, economic stability, and national security, costing the country billions of rand in lost revenue annually. Mining analyst Peter Major and representatives from organizations such as the Society for the Protection of Our Constitution and the National Association of Artisanal Miners have highlighted the need for restorative justice and the regularization of artisanal mining. The issue of illegal mining in South Africa is recognized as a longstanding problem, with calls for improved regulation and enforcement. Meanwhile, a parliamentary ad hoc committee has convened to investigate alleged corruption and political interference within the police and criminal justice system, with the committee tasked to elect a chairperson and complete its work by October 31.