NASA has made new discoveries shedding light on the history of water on Mars and recent geological findings. A study involving Swiss and US researchers suggests that Mars experienced alternating warm and dry periods over most of its history, influenced by slight changes in solar activity, which caused the planet to lose its water. This research helps explain why Mars, once home to rivers and lakes, became a barren desert. Additionally, NASA's Curiosity Rover has found bright yellow crystals of elemental sulfur on Mars for the first time after accidentally cracking open a rock. The rover also captured a panoramic video from the slopes of the three-mile-high Mount Sharp inside Gale Crater, revealing an Earth-like landscape. Furthermore, over 15,000 kilometers of ancient riverbeds have been identified in a Martian valley, redefining the planet's hydrological history. Some images previously thought to show water flows are now believed to be wind-driven dust flows. These findings collectively advance understanding of Mars' geological and climatic evolution.