A new study led by researchers at Sweden's Karolinska Institutet provides strong evidence that the adult human brain continues to produce new neurons, particularly in the hippocampus, well into late adulthood, including individuals up to 78 years old. This discovery overturns the long-held belief that neurogenesis only occurs during childhood. The research, which involved RNA sequencing and examination of post-mortem hippocampal tissue, confirms the presence of neural progenitor cells responsible for generating new neurons. This finding has important implications for understanding brain plasticity, memory repair, and potential therapies for neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Additionally, a large-scale proteomic dataset analyzing blood, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid samples across major neurodegenerative diseases has revealed disease-specific and transdiagnostic protein signatures. This molecular map could enable earlier diagnosis and personalized treatment development for neurodegenerative conditions.