Researchers from the Global Neurodegeneration Proteomics Consortium have conducted an extensive analysis of one of the world's largest protein datasets, revealing new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying major neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and frontotemporal dementia. The study, published in Nature Medicine and Nature Aging, identifies a distinct pro-inflammatory immune proteomic signature in the brain and blood of individuals carrying the APOE ε4 gene variant, which is known to increase Alzheimer's risk. This signature suggests a shared biological vulnerability across multiple neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, the researchers developed a plasma protein signature consisting of 256 proteins to assess the severity of dementia, offering potential for earlier and more precise diagnosis. The findings also include a comprehensive database of proteomic biomarkers for diseases including Alzheimer's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which may facilitate improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.