The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has issued several rulings impacting patent law and intellectual property disputes. In the case of Ingenico v. IOENGINE, the court narrowed the scope of inter partes review (IPR) estoppel under 35 U.S.C. § 315(e)(2), particularly protecting system patents from IPR estoppel. Additionally, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) is reconsidering discretionary denials of IPR petitions based on parallel investigations by the International Trade Commission (ITC) following the withdrawal of the Fintiv memo. In a notable CRISPR patent interference case, the Federal Circuit sided with the junior party, the University of California (UC), on the issue of conception, vacating the PTAB's decision that UC had not conceived the invention before the Broad Institute's October 2012 earliest priority date. The court held that uncertainty expressed by UC scientists about the invention's operability was not determinative. Editas Medicine announced that the Federal Circuit remanded its CRISPR patent interference case back to the PTAB for further proceedings. Separately, the Federal Circuit affirmed the validity of AbCellera Biologics Inc.'s microfluidic cell culture patent. These rulings reflect ongoing developments in patent litigation and intellectual property rights within the biotechnology and technology sectors.