The US Supreme Court, in a 5-4 ruling, lifted a lower-court injunction and allowed the Trump administration to withhold about $783 million in National Institutes of Health grants that government officials say conflict with the president’s directives against diversity, equity and inclusion programs. The unsigned order lets NIH continue terminating hundreds of awards tied to studies on minority health, gender identity and other DEI-related subjects while litigation proceeds. Justice Amy Coney Barrett provided the decisive vote, aligning with Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh to permit the grant cancellations. Chief Justice John Roberts joined the court’s three liberal members in dissent, arguing the funding should remain in place during the appeal. The court simultaneously left intact another portion of the lower-court ruling that struck down internal NIH guidance documents used to carry out the policy, creating a split outcome that could complicate future funding decisions. The justices indicated that challenges to individual grant terminations must be pursued in the US Court of Federal Claims, not federal district court. The dispute was brought by 16 Democratic-led states, researchers and public-health groups, who say the cancellations will disrupt long-running studies and threaten scientific progress. The Trump administration counters that the initiatives amount to unlawful preferential programs and that executive agencies have broad discretion over grant spending. Thursday’s order is provisional; the underlying case will continue in lower courts.