On July 10, 2025, Argentina's Senate held a contentious session led by the kirchnerist bloc under José Mayans, which was declared illegal by opposition figures and government officials due to insufficient quorum and procedural irregularities. The session, which proceeded without the signature of Senate President Victoria Villarruel and lacked the required two-thirds quorum, approved several deficit-increasing bills including a pension increase, bonuses for minimum pensions, an extension of the moratorium allowing early retirement without full contributions, and the Emergency Disability Law. These measures are estimated to cost 2.5 percentage points of GDP and threaten the fiscal balance achieved by President Javier Milei's government. Milei and his chief of staff Guillermo Francos condemned the session as a "golpe institucional" (institutional coup) and announced plans to veto the legislation and challenge the session's legality in court. Despite Milei's opposition and warnings, the Senate approved the bills with 52 affirmative votes and no opposition. The government's veto could be overridden by Congress, potentially escalating the political conflict ahead of the October midterm elections. Milei addressed the situation from the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange, emphasizing his commitment to maintaining fiscal equilibrium and signaling a determined legal and political response to what he described as an illegal attempt to undermine his administration's austerity agenda.