Brazil’s Supreme Federal Court approved a government plan to reimburse retirees and pensioners who suffered fraudulent deductions from their social-security benefits, giving the green light to a R$4 billion extraordinary credit that will operate outside the country’s fiscal framework. The accord, homologated by Justice Dias Toffoli, covers discounts applied between March 2020 and March 2025 and suspends ongoing lawsuits on the matter. Under the operational schedule presented by the Advocacia-Geral da União and the INSS, the first payments will be made on 24 July 2025. Lotes of about 1.5 million people will be processed every 15 days until all qualified cases are settled. Roughly 2.16 million beneficiaries—those whose contestations received no answer from the associations involved—are eligible in the initial wave, and all reimbursements will be indexed to the IPCA inflation gauge. Associative entities that received the improper fees have 15 business days to return the money to the INSS; if they fail to do so, the Union will advance the funds and later seek reimbursement. The agreement obliges beneficiaries who join the administrative program to drop individual suits against the INSS, though actions may continue against the associations themselves. To prevent new scams, the INSS must require biometric or qualified electronic authorization for future deductions, create a public transparency portal on repayments and complaints, and roll out a financial-literacy program for beneficiaries within 180 days. The decision, reached after negotiations among the government, public prosecutors and the bar association, aims to expedite compensation while strengthening oversight of Brazil’s R$900 billion-a-year pensions system.