Vietnam has purchased 1 million barrels of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil for delivery in November 2025, marking its first US oil purchase this year. Meanwhile, Indian refiners, who are the world's largest importers of seaborne Russian crude, are actively seeking alternative crude supplies globally amid concerns over potential US sanctions targeting Indian purchases of Russian oil. This shift comes ahead of a planned summit between US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin. Indian state refiners are also reportedly eyeing discounted Russian oil, while at the same time, companies like BPCL have procured 10 million barrels of US oil through a five-month tender. Despite increased activity in sourcing alternative barrels, Indian refiners have so far managed to acquire these supplies without causing a rise in oil prices.