The United States, through NASA, is accelerating plans to build a 100-kilowatt nuclear fission reactor on the Moon by 2030. Acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy emphasized the goal of deploying this reactor on the lunar surface, particularly near the Moon's South Pole, to secure American presence and dominance in space ahead of rivals China and Russia. This initiative is part of NASA's Artemis program and aims to provide a sustainable power source critical for establishing a permanent lunar base. The reactor would address the challenge of energy supply during the Moon's 14-day night cycle, where solar power is insufficient and current alternatives like radioisotope generators provide limited wattage. The project has garnered support from the nuclear industry, with related stocks experiencing gains, though experts note the difficulties in advancing terrestrial nuclear projects. The plan reflects a strategic move in the evolving space race, focusing on infrastructure and long-term habitation rather than just landing missions. Some critics have raised ethical concerns about installing nuclear reactors on the Moon. NASA is preparing to implement this initiative within the agency's fiscal plans, viewing it as foundational for future lunar exploration and broader solar system access.