The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear a challenge brought by the Apache tribe against a land swap that enabled copper mining at Oak Flat, a site sacred to Indigenous peoples in Arizona. Justices Neil Gorsuch and Clarence Thomas dissented from the decision. The ruling has drawn criticism from tribal advocates who view the court's refusal as a failure to uphold tribal trust responsibilities. Meanwhile, a federal appeals court ruled in favor of Native American tribes opposing the construction of the $10 billion SunZia energy transmission line through the San Pedro River Valley, citing procedural failures by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in approving the project. The court allowed tribes to argue that the route is illegal and suggested that existing power lines might need removal. Separately, a Denver-based women’s sports apparel brand, XX-XY Athletics, supported by the Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF), filed a federal lawsuit challenging Colorado’s new law that mandates the use of preferred pronouns in advertising. The lawsuit, XX-XY Athletics v. Sullivan, argues that the law infringes on free speech rights by compelling businesses to use language that conflicts with their views on biological sex. The Supreme Court is also expected to rule on other religious liberty cases, including disputes over the tax status of a Wisconsin charity and LGBTQ-themed books in Maryland public schools.