Britain’s economy ended 2023 2.2% larger than its level immediately before the Covid-19 pandemic, the Office for National Statistics said after its annual revisions to national accounts. The figure is higher than the 1.9% previously reported and reflects methodological changes that now capture more overseas production by UK-owned pharmaceutical and other manufacturing firms. While the broader level of output was revised up, the ONS trimmed its estimate of calendar-year growth for 2023 to 0.3% from 0.4%. Average annual growth for the 1998-2023 period remained at 1.8%, indicating the revisions did not materially alter the long-run trend. Separate data showed a tentative improvement in household mood. The S&P Global UK Consumer Sentiment Index climbed to 47.0 in August, its highest reading since October, after the Bank of England cut its base rate to 4% earlier in the month. Although still below the 50 threshold that signals optimism, the rise suggests looser monetary policy is beginning to support confidence.