Canadians turned out in the tens of thousands for the country’s 158th birthday on 1 July, filling parks and civic squares from Vancouver to St. John’s. The flagship ceremony at Ottawa’s LeBreton Flats Park drew about 8,000 people, according to the federal Heritage Department, and featured fly-pasts by Snowbirds jets, musical performances and a swearing-in of new citizens. In his first Canada Day address since becoming prime minister in March, Mark Carney warned that Canadian “values are under pressure” from external threats, singling out a trade war and attacks on democracy. Without naming U.S. President Donald Trump—who has floated punitive tariffs and the idea of Canada becoming America’s 51st state—Carney said Canadians must “build, baby, build” and stand united against economic and political headwinds. The Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Edward, praised the country’s cohesion, while Governor General Mary Simon highlighted the continuing journey of reconciliation with Indigenous peoples. This year’s celebrations also marked the 60th anniversary of the Maple Leaf flag and 45 years since ‘O Canada’ became the national anthem, milestones that organisers used to bolster a message of resiliency amid widening global divisions.