China has tightened its controls on rare earth minerals, extending regulations to imported minerals, a move that underscores its dominant position in the global supply chain for critical minerals essential to energy technologies and permanent magnets. This development highlights the vulnerability of the United States, which relies heavily on Chinese rare earth elements (REEs) and magnets crucial for domestic manufacturing and national security. Experts and analysts emphasize the need for the U.S. to build up its own industrial base and critical supply chains to reduce dependence on foreign adversaries. The debate around industrial policy and technological progress continues, with calls for America to strengthen its semiconductor and rare earth magnet production capabilities in collaboration with allied countries to maintain its technological leadership.