A series of think tank reports released on August 21, 2025, outline the historical and legal foundations of China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights in the South China Sea, while accusing external forces, particularly the United States, of interfering in the dispute. The reports also criticize some claimant states for escalating tensions and challenging the post-World War II order. Amid rising tensions, Beijing has asserted control measures against Philippine vessels in the disputed waters. In response, the Philippines has maintained a firm stance, with its armed forces chief stating that Filipino soldiers will continue to push back against Chinese attempts to approach the BRP Sierra Madre, a grounded Philippine ship in the area. Concurrently, Australia and the Philippines are strengthening their defense cooperation, planning to sign a new defense pact in 2026. This move is part of the Philippines’ broader strategy to diversify its defense partnerships amid ongoing tensions with China in the South China Sea. The defense ministers of Australia and the Philippines recently held a joint news conference to discuss these developments.