European stock markets opened with a muted tone as investors awaited a series of central bank announcements, including the Bank of England's (BoE) meeting. The Federal Reserve's recent decision to maintain interest rates has contributed to a cautious sentiment across the region. As a result, European indices experienced slight declines, with Germany's DAX down 1.18% and France's CAC down 0.95%. The US futures market also reflected this risk-off sentiment, with declines noted as attention shifted back to trade tariffs and fiscal policies in the EU. The US dollar strengthened against other currencies, while the euro and British pound faced downward pressure ahead of key economic reports. Overall, the European markets closed lower, marking a second consecutive day of declines amid ongoing global economic uncertainty.