Nationalist historian Karol Nawrocki, 42, was sworn in as Poland’s president on 6 August after taking his oath before a joint session of the Sejm and Senate. He begins a five-year term as head of state, replacing pro-European leadership with a figure who has pledged to recalibrate Warsaw’s domestic and foreign priorities. In his inaugural address, Nawrocki vowed "NO to illegal migration, YES to the złoty, NO to the euro," and said he would "support our most important alliances, including the one with the United States." He outlined a development blueprint dubbed Plan 21 that calls for a new international airport, expanded highways and port upgrades, and reiterated opposition to raising the retirement age. The new president’s programme sets up a potential confrontation with Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s pro-EU government, which holds a parliamentary majority. Analysts say Nawrocki’s flagship income-tax proposals—costed at roughly PLN 19.1 billion ($4.8 billion) a year—are unlikely to advance without government backing. He also struck a more combative tone toward Berlin, Brussels and Kyiv, demanding that Ukraine recognise wartime atrocities such as the Volyn massacre, signalling that both domestic and regional relations may face a period of heightened tension.