NASA is accelerating plans to build a 100-kilowatt nuclear fission reactor on the Moon by 2030, aiming to establish a sustainable power source critical for a permanent lunar base. This initiative, directed by Acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy, is part of a strategic effort to secure U.S. dominance in the emerging lunar space race against China and Russia. The reactor is intended to provide reliable energy during the Moon's 14-day night cycle, addressing the limitations of solar power and current radioisotope generators. The project aligns with NASA's Artemis program and reflects broader ambitions to expand human presence on the Moon. While industry stakeholders support the plan, some experts question its feasibility and legality under international space law. The announcement has also influenced nuclear industry stocks, boosting companies like Oklo and BWXT. Retired astronaut Clayton Anderson emphasized the importance of nuclear power for sustained lunar operations. The reactor's construction represents a significant step in the competition for extraterrestrial resources and strategic positioning in space exploration.