New surveillance data from California dairy farms has revealed multiple sources of H5N1 avian influenza transmission, including detection of the virus in the air within milking parlors and in the exhaled breath of cows, as well as in water streams. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported another H5N1-infected dairy herd in California, marking the 771st such detection in the state. Nationwide, there have been 1,078 confirmed H5N1-infected herds across 17 states, though the actual number of infected herds remains uncertain. Internationally, Thailand has increased surveillance efforts following a severe outbreak in Cambodia, advising farmers to monitor animals closely for symptoms. Spain has also reported an avian flu outbreak at a wildlife recovery center in Gorliz, Vizcaya Province. Experts recommend enhanced surveillance, improved indoor air quality to reduce respiratory infections, and increased funding for vaccines and communication strategies to mitigate the risk of avian influenza spillovers.